records
93 records
Research topics
Jurisdictions and Regional Legal Systems
Legal environments in the United States, EU, ASEAN, Belt and Road jurisdictions, and the Global South.
Topic snapshot
Official English
72 / 93
Year range
1945 - 2026
Authorities
Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH) · 9 records
Resource types
Treaty / Convention
35 records
Scholarship
22 records
International Organization Material
9 records
Law
8 records
Database / Platform
5 records
White Paper / Report
4 records
Case
3 records
Judicial Document
3 records
Regulation / Departmental Rule
2 records
Speech / News Release
2 records
Top authorities
Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH)
9 records
United Nations
7 records
CASS University School of Law (Ma Jinxing)
4 records
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)
4 records
Chinese Journal of Transnational Law / SAGE
3 records
State Council Information Office / Xinhua
3 records
Latest in topic
UNCTAD Investment Laws Database (China)
UNCTAD's investment laws database curates Chinese foreign investment laws and related enactments for cross-jurisdiction comparison.
UNCTAD International Investment Agreements Hub (China)
This entry links China-related IIAs and investment treaty texts, useful for checking treaty status and signature and entry into force data.
European Convention on Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights is the core regional human rights instrument in Europe and underpins the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
United Nations Treaty Collection and Treaty Status Database
The UN Treaty Collection provides status information, parties, declarations, reservations, and treaty texts for multilateral treaties deposited with the UN Secretary-General.
China makes solid strides in international civil and commercial judicial assistance
The Ministry of Justice describes progress in civil and commercial judicial assistance, including service of documents, evidence taking, and recognition and enforcement of judgments.
Zhang Wenxian on the jurisprudential attributes of foreign-related rule of law
The essay analyzes the conceptual origin, system position, and domestic-international linkage of foreign-related rule of law, making it a useful foundational reading for the portal.
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International Organizations and Global Governance
62 records
Foreign-Related Dispute Resolution
44 records
Trade and Investment
32 records
Theory of Foreign-Related Rule of Law
17 records
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United Nations Treaty Collection and Treaty Status Database
The UN Treaty Collection provides status information, parties, declarations, reservations, and treaty texts for multilateral treaties deposited with the UN Secretary-General.
China makes solid strides in international civil and commercial judicial assistance
The Ministry of Justice describes progress in civil and commercial judicial assistance, including service of documents, evidence taking, and recognition and enforcement of judgments.
Zhang Wenxian on the jurisprudential attributes of foreign-related rule of law
The essay analyzes the conceptual origin, system position, and domestic-international linkage of foreign-related rule of law, making it a useful foundational reading for the portal.
Theory of Foreign-Related Rule of LawInternational Organizations and Global GovernanceJurisdictions and Regional Legal Systems
Official Chinese English summary
Hunan enhances foreign-related legal services to support high-level opening-up
The Ministry of Justice reports on Hunan's foreign-related legal services, FTZ support, legal talent pools, and China-Africa trade-related legal capacity.
International Organizations and Global Governance International Organization Material Official English
International Organization for Mediation officially inaugurated
The International Organization for Mediation opened in Hong Kong as an intergovernmental organization dedicated to mediation-based resolution of international disputes.
SPC second batch of typical mediation cases in foreign-related commercial and maritime disputes
The second batch involves parties from Singapore, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, Türkiye, Switzerland, the Marshall Islands, Côte d’Ivoire, Chile, and others, emphasizing maritime justice and high-level opening-up.
Official Chinese English summary
China’s Foreign-Related “Rule of Law”: The Evolution of an Idea
An open-access Hague Journal on the Rule of Law article reviewing the emergence, functions, and legal-political significance of China’s foreign-related rule of law.
The extraterritorial effect of China’s anti-sanctions law
This Shanghai University of International Business and Economics Law Journal article studies the extraterritorial effect of China’s anti-sanctions law through jurisdiction, application, and comity.
Official Chinese English summary
China’s Foreign-Related “Rule of Law”: The Evolution of an Idea
This Hague Journal on the Rule of Law article traces the evolution of the concept of foreign-related rule of law in Chinese policy and academic discourse.
International Organizations and Global Governance International Organization Material Official English
OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index 2024
The OECD 2024 FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index compares statutory FDI restrictions across more than 100 economies, including equity, screening, key personnel, and operational limits.
International Organizations and Global Governance International Organization Material Official English
OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index: China
The OECD STRI China country note provides annually updated comparative data on services trade regulation, useful for studying institutional opening-up, services access, digital services, and trade compliance.
Legalization of Foreign Relations in China
An editorial in Chinese Journal of Transnational Law introducing the special issue on legalization of foreign relations in China.
Wang Yi on Creating a Favorable External Environment for Further Reform
Wang Yi’s policy article interprets foreign affairs tasks under the 2024 reform resolution, including global governance, international rules, opening-up, and safeguarding sovereignty, security, and development interests.
International Organizations and Global GovernanceProtection of Overseas InterestsJurisdictions and Regional Legal Systems
Official Chinese English summary
International Organizations and Global Governance International Organization Material Official English
WTO Trade Policy Review: China 2024
The WTO’s ninth Trade Policy Review of China provides multilateral materials on China’s trade, investment, industrial policy, and transparency issues.
Typical cases on ascertainment and application of foreign law
The Supreme People's Court released the first batch of cases on ascertainment and application of foreign law in foreign-related civil and commercial disputes.
Foreign-Related Dispute ResolutionJurisdictions and Regional Legal SystemsTheory of Foreign-Related Rule of Law
Official Chinese English summary
Political Framing in China’s Foreign Relations Law
This article analyzes China’s Foreign Relations Law through political framing, comparative international law, and the idea of fundamental norms governing international relations.
China’s Foreign State Immunity Law: A View from the United States
William S. Dodge introduces China’s Foreign State Immunity Law to English-language readers and compares it with U.S. FSIA experience.
China-Nicaragua Free Trade Agreement (2023)
UNCTAD’s IIA Navigator records the China-Nicaragua FTA and its investment chapter, in force from 2024, as a useful sample of China’s recent free trade agreement practice.
Empirical Analysis of Difficulties in Ascertaining Foreign Law
Based on foreign-related civil and commercial cases, the article discusses difficulties, cost allocation, and procedural improvement in ascertaining foreign law.
Foreign-Related Dispute ResolutionJurisdictions and Regional Legal SystemsTheory of Foreign-Related Rule of Law
Official Chinese English summary
SPC Typical Cases on Judicial Review of Arbitration
The SPC typical cases address recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, Hong Kong awards, validity of arbitration agreements, public policy, and arbitration procedure.
Official Chinese English summary
The Belt and Road Initiative: A Key Pillar of the Global Community of Shared Future
A 2023 State Council Information Office white paper reviewing ten years of Belt and Road cooperation, including standards alignment, trade and investment facilitation, and implications for global governance and overseas interests.
A Global Community of Shared Future: China’s Proposals and Actions
A 2023 white paper explaining China’s vision of a global community of shared future, its global governance concepts, and proposals for multilateral cooperation.
2023 Amendments to the Civil Procedure Law on Foreign-Related Procedures
The 2023 amendments to the Civil Procedure Law strengthened rules on foreign-related jurisdiction, service, evidence taking, and recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments.
Foreign-Related Dispute ResolutionProtection of Overseas InterestsJurisdictions and Regional Legal Systems
Official Chinese English summary
Law on Foreign State Immunity of the People's Republic of China
The Law on Foreign State Immunity defines China's jurisdictional rules for civil cases involving foreign states and their property.
Law on Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China
The Law on Foreign Relations, effective July 1, 2023, provides a foundational framework for China's foreign relations, including principles, institutional responsibilities, and legal safeguards.
Provisions on jurisdiction over foreign-related civil and commercial cases
The Supreme People's Court provisions clarify jurisdictional arrangements for foreign-related civil and commercial cases and support more efficient adjudication.
Official Chinese English summary
Building a foreign-related rule of law talent training system
The article discusses talent training for foreign-related rule of law across disciplinary systems, academic systems, skill systems, and practical training scenarios.
Official Chinese English summary
China’s Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law: A warning to the world
A MERICS analysis assessing the AFSL as a counter-sanctions, blocking, and extraterritorial legal instrument with implications for foreign actors and companies.
Hainan Free Trade Port Law of the People’s Republic of China
Adopted in 2021, the law provides the legal framework for Hainan Free Trade Port, including trade and investment liberalization, cross-border capital flows, mobility, transport, and data flows.
China’s International Development Cooperation in the New Era
A 2021 white paper on China’s foreign aid, South-South cooperation, Belt and Road cooperation, and implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda.
Conservative Innovation: The Ambiguities of the China International Commercial Court
This open-access AJIL Unbound essay frames the CICC as conservative innovation and examines its one-stop design, jurisdictional limits, and transnational enforcement issues.
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP)
RCEP entered into force for China on January 1, 2022. The agreement covers goods, rules of origin, customs procedures, services, investment, IP, e-commerce, and dispute settlement.
International law with Chinese characteristics: Beijing and the “rules-based” global order
A Brookings report reviewing China’s engagement with international law across issue areas and analyzing how China uses and shapes legal norms.
China’s International Commercial Court: Background, Obstacles and the Road Ahead
This Journal of International Dispute Settlement article compares the CICC with other international commercial courts and analyzes jurisdiction, internationalization, and enforcement challenges.
Securities Law of the PRC
The Securities Law governs issuance, trading, disclosure, investor protection, and securities supervision, providing a foundation for capital-market opening and listed-company compliance.
Challenges and Opportunities for the China International Commercial Court
An International & Comparative Law Quarterly article analyzing the CICC framework, challenges for overseas parties, and reform opportunities from a comparative perspective.
Treaty Database of the People's Republic of China
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs treaty database provides public access to important bilateral and multilateral treaties concluded or acceded to by China.
Law of the PRC on International Criminal Judicial Assistance
This law governs international criminal judicial assistance in investigation, prosecution, trial, enforcement, evidence, asset freezing, confiscation, return of proceeds, and transfer of sentenced persons.
Foreign-Related Dispute ResolutionProtection of Overseas InterestsJurisdictions and Regional Legal Systems
Official Chinese English summary
A Brief Introduction of China International Commercial Court
The China International Commercial Court, established by the Supreme People's Court, adjudicates international commercial cases and supports a one-stop dispute resolution mechanism.
Paris Agreement: China Ratification Status
UNFCCC’s China page records China’s signature and ratification of the Paris Agreement and provides an official entry point for climate governance research.
Law on the Law Applicable to Foreign-Related Civil Relations
This law sets conflict-of-law rules for foreign-related civil relations and is a foundational text for foreign law ascertainment, private international law, and cross-border civil and commercial disputes.
International Organizations and Global Governance International Organization Material Official English
China's WTO member profile
China has been a WTO member since December 11, 2001. The WTO member profile centralizes official documents, disputes, reviews, and trade data.
HCCH Evidence Convention: China Status Table
The HCCH Evidence Convention supports taking evidence abroad in civil or commercial matters. The HCCH status table records China’s accession, entry into force, declarations, reservations, and authorities.
HCCH Service and Evidence Conventions: China entry point
The HCCH Service and Evidence Conventions are core mechanisms for civil and commercial judicial assistance involving China, with the Ministry of Justice serving as central authority.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: China Status
The UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea maintains the status of UNCLOS and related agreements, a core source for China’s law-of-the-sea research.
Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone
This law addresses China’s territorial sea, contiguous zone, innocent passage, and maritime rights protection, making it a key domestic source for law-of-the-sea research.
HCCH Service Convention: China Status Table
The HCCH Service Convention is a core instrument for service abroad in civil or commercial matters. The HCCH status table records China’s accession, entry into force, declarations, and authorities.
International Organizations and Global Governance International Organization Material Official English
HCCH China Member Profile
The HCCH China member profile lists contact organs and convention-related information, serving as a gateway for private international law conventions and judicial cooperation mechanisms.
Firmly Upholding the Basic Principles of International Law
Huang Jin discusses core international-law principles such as sovereign equality, non-interference, and peaceful settlement, arguing for a more just global order rooted in the UN Charter and international legality.
Theory of Foreign-Related Rule of LawInternational Organizations and Global GovernanceJurisdictions and Regional Legal Systems
Official Chinese English summary
Practising Genuine Multilateralism and Building an International Order Rooted in International Law
In his keynote, Huang Jin argued that genuine multilateralism must be coupled with international law and equal participation by all states, rather than selective legal-imposition by powerful countries.
International Organizations and Global GovernanceTheory of Foreign-Related Rule of LawJurisdictions and Regional Legal Systems
Official Chinese English summary
Territorial Status and Right to Self-Determination of the Ryukyu Islands
Ruo Huanxin’s article analyzes the legal status of the Ryukyu Islands and self-determination claims through historical context and international legal criteria.
Foreign-Related Dispute ResolutionJurisdictions and Regional Legal SystemsInternational Organizations and Global Governance
Official Chinese English summary
Language Challenges in the South China Sea Dispute
This English-language commentary analyzes how legal language and narrative framing in South China Sea disputes affect interpretation, implementation, and regime-level governance.
Foreign-Related Dispute ResolutionInternational Organizations and Global GovernanceJurisdictions and Regional Legal Systems
Official Chinese English summary
Temporal Legal Principles and Occupation-Based Acquisition of Islands
This article approaches island-status disputes through historical acts of occupation and temporal legal principles, analyzing how legal effects should be assessed under maritime law.
Jurisdictions and Regional Legal SystemsForeign-Related Dispute ResolutionInternational Organizations and Global Governance
Official Chinese English summary
Compulsory Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea and China's Response
Using the China–Philippines arbitration as context, the article discusses China’s procedural and legal response to dispute settlement mechanisms under UNCLOS.
Foreign-Related Dispute ResolutionJurisdictions and Regional Legal SystemsInternational Organizations and Global Governance
Official Chinese English summary
Conflicts and Coordination of Coastal-State Jurisdiction over Safety of Navigation in the South China Sea
This study focuses on conflicts of coastal-state jurisdiction in navigation safety and seeks legal coordination mechanisms between enforcement and safe passage objectives in contested waters.
Jurisdictions and Regional Legal SystemsForeign-Related Dispute ResolutionInternational Organizations and Global Governance
Official Chinese English summary
Restrictions on the Use of Force at Sea: An Environmental Protection Perspective
Examining use of force at sea and environmental protection, this article links maritime security enforcement to environmental governance and legitimacy constraints.
Jurisdictions and Regional Legal SystemsForeign-Related Dispute ResolutionInternational Organizations and Global Governance
Official Chinese English summary
WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
GATS provides the framework for service market access, MFN, and national treatment disciplines across major service sectors.
UNCTAD Investment Laws Database (China)
UNCTAD's investment laws database curates Chinese foreign investment laws and related enactments for cross-jurisdiction comparison.
UNCTAD International Investment Agreements Hub (China)
This entry links China-related IIAs and investment treaty texts, useful for checking treaty status and signature and entry into force data.
Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (1980)
The 1980 Convention governs prompt return and access arrangements in cross-border child abduction cases, including cooperation between central authorities.
Regulations on Implementing the Law on Foreign Investment
The State Council regulations implementing the Foreign Investment Law detail investor rights, registration, equity structure, and enforcement interface.
Official Chinese English summary
Judicial Interpretation on Foreign Investment Reporting
Judicial guidance linked to the Foreign Investment Law clarifies remedy channels and procedural alignment for investor-related disputes.
National Special Management Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) 2024 Version
The 2024 National Foreign Investment Access Negative List defines remaining sectoral restrictions and reflects continued liberalization in market entry.
Official Chinese English summary
Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005
The 2005 Convention enhances the effectiveness of exclusive choice-of-court clauses and provides a more predictable framework for recognition of judgments across borders.
Hague Judgments Convention 2019
The Convention sets uniform conditions for recognition and enforcement of civil and commercial judgments, improving predictability in cross-border litigation and enforcement.
Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993
The 1993 Hague Adoption Convention establishes cooperation through central authorities for intercountry adoption with child-protection safeguards and recognition mechanisms.
UNCTAD Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development (2015)
The 2015 framework provides policy design principles for investment reform and aligns investment governance with sustainable development objectives.
WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA)
The TFA modernizes customs procedures, transparency, cooperation and facilitation measures to improve trade efficiency and predictability.
International Organizations and Global Governance International Organization Material Official English
UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (1997)
The MLCBI standardizes mechanisms for recognition, cooperation, and judicial coordination in cross-border insolvency cases.
International Organizations and Global Governance International Organization Material Official English
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001)
The Model Law on Electronic Signatures supports modern trust and signature systems in electronic transactions through technology-neutral legal standards.
International Organizations and Global Governance International Organization Material Official English
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (2017)
MLETR enables electronic transferable records to function as functional equivalents of paper transferable instruments across borders.
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)
The CISG is a central international sales convention that harmonizes rules on formation, obligations and remedies in cross-border sales.
Hague Apostille Convention
The Apostille Convention streamlines public document legalization and cross-border acceptance of official documents among member states.
Hague Convention on the Taking of Evidence in Civil or Commercial Matters (1970)
This convention facilitates cross-border taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters and judicial cooperation.
Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil and Commercial Matters (1965)
The convention sets central authority channels and standardized procedures for serving judicial and extrajudicial documents abroad.
United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)
UNCAC is the globally universal anti-corruption instrument covering prevention, criminalization, international cooperation and asset recovery.
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC)
UNTOC is the core UN treaty against transnational organized crime and includes protocols on trafficking in persons, smuggling of migrants, and firearms.
Charter of the United Nations
The UN Charter is the constitutional instrument of the United Nations, establishing sovereign equality, peaceful settlement of disputes, collective security, and the institutional basis for international legal cooperation.
Statute of the International Court of Justice
The ICJ Statute sets out the composition, jurisdiction, procedure and adjudicatory structure of the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961)
The Convention defines the legal regime of diplomatic missions, including privileges, immunities, and the legal status of diplomatic representation.
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963)
The Convention governs consular functions, protection of consular premises and persons, and procedural assistance across States.
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)
This convention sets the core rules for treaty making, interpretation, reservations, amendment, and invalidity, and is central to treaty interpretation.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
UNCLOS governs maritime zones, navigation rights, marine resources and coastal governance and remains foundational for modern ocean law.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
ICCPR provides core civil and political rights such as life, fair trial, due process and freedoms, widely used as a standard in state conduct and litigation.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
ICESCR establishes rights and progressive realization obligations regarding labor, education, health, and social and cultural rights.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights sets out core universal standards of human dignity, liberty, and equality, and underpins the architecture of modern international human rights law.
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
CERD requires states to condemn and eliminate racial discrimination and establishes monitoring mechanisms that support anti-discrimination standards in cross-border legal cooperation.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
CEDAW establishes comprehensive equality obligations and state duties, serving as a key anchor for cross-border family, labor, and anti-discrimination legal harmonization.
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
The CRC protects children's civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and is a core reference for cross-border family, civil, and social protection coordination.
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
CRPD establishes equal access, non-discrimination, and participation standards for persons with disabilities, relevant to inclusion compliance in international legal and commercial practice.
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
The Convention on Biological Diversity sets international rules on conservation, sustainable use, and fair and equitable benefit-sharing of genetic resources, relevant to cross-border environmental governance.
Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
The Convention sets rules for safeguarding, excavation and stewardship of underwater cultural heritage while balancing national competence with international cooperation.
European Convention on Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights is the core regional human rights instrument in Europe and underpins the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
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