China-Nicaragua Free Trade Agreement (2023)
UNCTAD’s IIA Navigator records the China-Nicaragua FTA and its investment chapter, in force from 2024, as a useful sample of China’s recent free trade agreement practice.
Library
International Law and Treaties
Treaty databases, international organization materials, and China's participation in international rule of law.
Apostille Convention in force for China
The HCCH 1961 Apostille Convention entered into force for China on November 7, 2023, simplifying cross-border use of public documents.
Hague System for Industrial Designs and China
WIPO materials record China’s 2022 accession to the Hague System for international design registration, relevant to overseas design protection and IP compliance.
Marrakesh Treaty: China Accession Materials
WIPO reported China’s 2022 accession to the Marrakesh Treaty, an IP treaty facilitating access to published works for people who are blind, visually impaired, or otherwise print disabled.
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP)
RCEP entered into force for China on January 1, 2022. The agreement covers goods, rules of origin, customs procedures, services, investment, IP, e-commerce, and dispute settlement.
Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances
WIPO materials record that the Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances was adopted in Beijing in 2012 and entered into force in 2020, protecting performers’ audiovisual rights.
Singapore Convention on Mediation: China's signature status
China signed the Singapore Convention on Mediation on August 7, 2019. The Convention provides a framework for cross-border enforcement of mediated settlement agreements.
HCCH 2019 Judgments Convention: China Status
The 2019 Judgments Convention provides a multilateral framework for recognition and enforcement of foreign civil or commercial judgments; CICC materials provide a China-facing entry point.
Treaty Database of the People's Republic of China
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs treaty database provides public access to important bilateral and multilateral treaties concluded or acceded to by China.
HCCH 2005 Choice of Court Convention: China Status
HCCH status materials record China’s signature status for the 2005 Choice of Court Convention, relevant to exclusive choice-of-court agreements and circulation of judgments.
WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation
The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement entered into force in 2017 and addresses customs transparency, simplification, cooperation mechanisms, and implementation arrangements for developing members.
Paris Agreement: China Ratification Status
UNFCCC’s China page records China’s signature and ratification of the Paris Agreement and provides an official entry point for climate governance research.
Cape Town Convention: China Status and Declarations
UNIDROIT records China as a party to the Cape Town Convention, in force for China from June 1, 2009, with declarations relevant to aircraft finance, leasing, and secured transactions.
HCCH Evidence Convention: China Status Table
The HCCH Evidence Convention supports taking evidence abroad in civil or commercial matters. The HCCH status table records China’s accession, entry into force, declarations, reservations, and authorities.
HCCH Service and Evidence Conventions: China entry point
The HCCH Service and Evidence Conventions are core mechanisms for civil and commercial judicial assistance involving China, with the Ministry of Justice serving as central authority.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: China Status
The UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea maintains the status of UNCLOS and related agreements, a core source for China’s law-of-the-sea research.
Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and China
WIPO’s China office page introduces China’s participation in the PCT system and its role as a major user, useful for research on outbound patent strategy and IP internationalization.
ICSID Convention and China
The ICSID Convention entered into force for China in 1993. China's notifications are a key reference for investor-state dispute settlement research.
HCCH Service Convention: China Status Table
The HCCH Service Convention is a core instrument for service abroad in civil or commercial matters. The HCCH status table records China’s accession, entry into force, declarations, and authorities.
Madrid System for Trademarks and China
WIPO’s China office page explains China’s participation in the Madrid System, relevant to international trademark protection and outbound brand compliance.
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and China
The CISG is a core uniform law instrument for international sales contracts and has long shaped Chinese foreign-related commercial adjudication and arbitration practice.
New York Convention on Foreign Arbitral Awards and China
China acceded to the New York Convention in 1987. The Convention is the core treaty for recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards.
WTO Legal Texts Index
WTO's legal-texts index brings together core multilateral agreements and related texts of the WTO system, including core trade remedies, intellectual property, services, and investment instruments.
GATT 1994 Text
This entry contains the text of GATT 1994 and provides baseline reference for goods trade disciplines, MFN and national treatment principles in WTO law.
WTO Agreement on Anti-dumping
The Anti-dumping Agreement sets investigation standards, dumping determination framework, and remedies discipline for anti-dumping actions.
WTO Safeguards Agreement
The Safeguards Agreement governs emergency trade-restrictive measures for surges of imports and sets the related notification and review requirements.
WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
The SCM Agreement classifies prohibited and actionable subsidies, and sets investigation and enforcement procedures for countervailing measures.
WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
The TBT Agreement regulates technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures to balance legitimate technical objectives with trade openness.
WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
The SPS Agreement sets science-based requirements for food and animal/plant safety measures while preventing arbitrary and unjustifiable discrimination in trade.
WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs)
The TRIMs Agreement limits investment measures that are inconsistent with MFN, national treatment, and quantitative restrictions disciplines.
TRIPS Agreement (As Amended by the 2005 Protocol)
The TRIPS Agreement integrates key intellectual property standards into WTO law and sets minimum protection and enforcement obligations.
WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
GATS provides the framework for service market access, MFN, and national treatment disciplines across major service sectors.
WTO Customs Valuation Provisions (Article VII)
The customs valuation text provides uniform valuation principles for customs duties and trade remedies, limiting arbitrary valuation in import administration.
WTO Agreement on Agriculture
A core WTO agriculture rulebook covering market access, domestic support, and export competition disciplines; it remains a key benchmark in agricultural trade disputes.
WTO Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures
The Agreement disciplines import licensing systems, emphasizing transparency, non-discrimination, and minimizing unnecessary restrictions on trade.
Revised WTO Agreement on Government Procurement
The revised Agreement on Government Procurement sets procedural obligations for covered procurement and is central to transparency and reciprocity in government purchasing.
WTO Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes
The DSU is the foundational WTO text for consultations, paneling, appeals, and implementation of rulings in trade dispute settlement.
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (Revised 2010)
These rules provide a widely used procedural framework for arbitration clauses in commercial relations and are extensively used in ad hoc and institutional arbitrations.
UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration
The rules create mandatory transparency standards for treaty-based investor-state arbitration, including public access and disclosure procedures while balancing due process.
UNCITRAL Expedited Arbitration Rules (2021)
The 2021 Expedited Rules provide a streamlined arbitration option for faster, lower-cost resolution where parties agree to proceed under compressed timelines.
UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 2016
The UPICC 2016 provides a transnational baseline of general contract-law principles and is frequently used in international commercial contracts, courts, and arbitral tribunals.
UNIDROIT UPICC Model Clauses
The model clauses provide practical contract language to select and apply UPICC in dispute-related and performance contexts across jurisdictions.
ICSID Arbitration Rules (In force since 2006)
The ICSID Arbitration Rules govern procedural steps in ICSID Convention arbitration, including tribunal constitution, evidence, interim relief, and award processes.
Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005
The 2005 Convention enhances the effectiveness of exclusive choice-of-court clauses and provides a more predictable framework for recognition of judgments across borders.
Hague Judgments Convention 2019
The Convention sets uniform conditions for recognition and enforcement of civil and commercial judgments, improving predictability in cross-border litigation and enforcement.
Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993
The 1993 Hague Adoption Convention establishes cooperation through central authorities for intercountry adoption with child-protection safeguards and recognition mechanisms.
WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM)
The SCM Agreement sets multilateral disciplines on prohibited and actionable subsidies and countervailing measures in trade disputes.
WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA)
The TFA modernizes customs procedures, transparency, cooperation and facilitation measures to improve trade efficiency and predictability.
Hague Apostille Convention
The Apostille Convention streamlines public document legalization and cross-border acceptance of official documents among member states.
Hague Convention on the Taking of Evidence in Civil or Commercial Matters (1970)
This convention facilitates cross-border taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters and judicial cooperation.
Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil and Commercial Matters (1965)
The convention sets central authority channels and standardized procedures for serving judicial and extrajudicial documents abroad.
Statute of the International Court of Justice
The ICJ Statute sets out the composition, jurisdiction, procedure and adjudicatory structure of the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963)
The Convention governs consular functions, protection of consular premises and persons, and procedural assistance across States.
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